Saturday, December 12, 2009

Digital Image processing

Digital Image processing
One mark Questions
1) Arithmetic operations are useful in
a) Noise reduction b) contrast improvement c) Filtering d) a and c

2) The inverse perspective transformation converts the co-cordiality from__________ to ___________.
a) 2D to 3D image b) 2D image to 3D image
c) 3D world to 3D image d) 3D world to 2D world

3) _________________ is to acquire to digital image.
a) Pre-processing b) segmentation c) image acquisition d) None

4) _________________ is used to improve the image in ways that increases the chancesfor success of the processes

a) Pre-processing b) Segmentation c) image acquisition d) None

5) Image is a _________________ dimensional light intensity function
a) One b) two c) Three d) None

6) _________________ partitions the image into its consistent parts or objects
a) pre-processing b) segmentation c) image acquisition d) None

7) _________________ deals with the extracting features for differentiating one class of
objects from other
a) Description b) Decision c) segmentation d) None

8) _________________ device produces an electrical signal output proportional to the
level of energy sensed
a) Physical b) logical c) digitizer d) None

9) Tilt, Pan means _________________
a) Vertical angle between X, x b) Horizontal angle between Z. z
c) Horizontal angle between X, x d) Vertical angle between Z. z

10) The perspective transformation involving two coordinates is given by
a) Cn = PGWn b) PCRWn
c) PRCGWn d) PCRGWn

11) Fourier transform pair exists if the function
a) f(x) is integrable b) f(x) is continuous
F(u) is continuous F(u)is integrable

c) F(x)is continuous d) f(x) is continuous and integrable
F(u) is integrable F(u) is integrable

12) Discrete Fouries transform is useful to represent the image as _________________.
a) 2D frequency function b) 2D intensity function
c) 3D spatial function d) 3D power function

13) ___________ converts the electrical signal output of the device into digital form
a) Physical b) logical c) digitizer d) none

14) Operations of video cameras is based on the principle of _________________
a) Free conducting b) Semi conducting c) Photo conducting d) None

15) _________________ consists of a row of photosites and produce a two-dimensional
image by relative motion between the scene an detector.
a) Line-scan sensor b) Area Sensor c) photo sites d) None

16) _________________ is composed of a matrix of photo sites
a) Line-scan sensor b) Area Sensor c) photo sites d) none


17) Choose the correct order of transformation
a) A=RTS b) A=TSR c) A=STR d) A=RST

18) Digital storage for image processing application falls in---------principal categories.
a) Two b) four c) Three d) five

19) In the distribution of rods and cones in the titian the absence of receptors is called-----
a) Blind sport b) photopic vision c) scotopic vision d) none

20) Number of rods in the human eye is----------millions.
a) 6-7 b) 75-100 c) 100-200 d) none

21) Number of cones in the human eye is--------millions.
a) 6-7 b) 75-100 c) 100-200 d) none

22) Scotopic vision is produced by----------
a) Cones b) rods c) membrane d) none
23) Cone vision is called---------
a) Photopic b) scotopic c) light vision d) none

24) Cones and rods are----------in the structure of human eye
a) Membranes b) receptors c) chords d) none

25) An average diameter of human eye is approximately---------
a) 20 cm b) 20MM c) 20m d) none

26) ---------- communication exists between image processing systems.
a) Remote b) local c) internal d) external

27) ------------- communication exists from one point to another .Another in connection
with the transmission of image data.
a) remote b) local c) internal d) external

28) digital storage for image processing applications falls in---------
a) two b) four c) three d) five

29) Frame buffer used as--------------storage
a) short-term b) on-line c) archival d) none

30) Magnetic disks are example for----------example.
a) short-term b) on-line c) archival d) none

31) Brightness perceived by the human visual system is called-----------
a) Blind sport b) photopic vision c) subjective brightness d) none

32) Transition from scotopic to photopic vision is range from -------------
a) -3 to –1 ML b) -2 to –1ML c) -3 to –2 ML d) none

33) For any give set of condition the current sensitivity level of the visual system is
Called-------------
a) Blind sport b) photopic vision
c) Subjective brightness d) brightness adaptation

34) Amplitude digitization is called---------
a) gray level b) image sampling c) grayscale d) none

35) Digitization of special coordinates (x,y)is called-----------
a) Gray level b) image processing c) gray scale d) none

36) The interval [L min,L max ] is called--------
a) scotopic b) photopic c) gray scale d) none

37) Nature of r(x, y)is determined by-----------
a) Light source b) characteristics of object
c) Light d) none

38) The simple image model f(x,y)= ----------
a) I(x, y) b) R(x, y) c) I(x, y)*r(x, y) d) none

39) In the simple image model f(x, y)=I(x, y)*r(x, y),r(x, y)is------------
a) 0
40) In the uniform sampling quantization number of bits required storing the image
b= -------- if M=N
a) n2M b) N2 m c) N2m d) none

41) The given coordinates (x+1,y),(x-1,y),(x,y+1),(x,y-1) represents -----------neighbors
of the pixel
a) diagonal b) horizontal c) vertical d) b & c

42) The given coordinates (x+1,y+1),(x-1,y-1),(x,+1y+1),(x-1,y-1) represents -----------
neighbors of the pixel
a) diagonal b) horizontal c) vertical d) b & c

43) Two pixels p and q with values from V are----------connected if q is in the set N4(p).
a) 4 b) 8 c) m d) none

44) Mixed connectivity is a modification of------------connectivity.
a) 4 b) 8 c) m d) none

45) Two pixels p and q with values from V are-----------------connected if q is in the set
N8(p).
a) 4 b) 8 c) m d) none

46) -------------is a process to increase or decrease the size of given images.
a) Translation b) scaling c) rotation d) none

47) -----------is a process to translate a point with co-ordinates to from am\another logical
operation.
a) Incomplete b) functionally complete c) complete d) none

48) In the logical operation of image processing pORq can also be represented-------
a) p.q b) p + q c) p-q d) none

49) In the logical operation of image processing p AND q can also be represented-------
a) p.q b) p + q c) p-q d) none

50) The Euclidian distance between p and q is defined as De (p, q) = --------
a) [(x-s)2+(y-t)2]1/2 b)[(x-s)3+(y-t)2]1/2 c) [(x-s)2-(y-t)2]1/2 d) none

51) The D4 distance between p and q is defined as D4(p,q)= -------
a) |x-s|-|y-t| b) |x-s| + |y-t| c) |x + s|-|y + t| d) none

52) --------is a process to change the direction of given images.
a) Translation b) scaling c) rotation d) none

53) The given matrix notation represents----------


Sx 0 0 0
0 Sy 0 0
0 0 Sz 0
0 0 0 1

a) Translation b) scaling c) rotation d) none

54) The given matrix notation represents.


Cos Sin 0 0
-Sin Cos 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1


a) Translation b) scaling c) rotation d) none

55) DIN systems uses----------concept.
a) logarithmic b) arithmetic c) relational d) none

56) ASA scale is----------type.
a) logarithmic b) arithmetic c) relational d) none

57) -------------- transformations projects 3-D points on to a plane.
a) perspective b) descriptive c) geometric d) none

58) In the photographic film ------------is used for protection against scratches.
a) supercoat b) emulsion c) substrate d) film base.

59) An ASA50 film is equivalent to a------------
a) DIN50 b) DIN18 c) DIN80 d) none

60) The image derived from silver halid crystals is-----------in structures.
a) Continuous b) discontinuous c) flat d) none

61) Fine grain films with thin emulsion yields the ---------resolving power.
a) low b) 0 c) high d) none

62) The Fourier transformation pair f(x) is---------and integral.

a) Continuous b) discontinuous c) flat d) none

63) In the Fourier transformation f(u)= |f(u)| ej(u),where (u)= ----------

a) (u)=tan-1 I(u)
R(u)

b) (u)=tan-1 R(u)
I(u)
c) (u)=tan I(u)
R(u)
d) None

64) In the two variables function f(x, y) of Fourier transformation p(u,v)= ---------
a) | F(u)|2 b) |F(u, v)|2 c) |F(u + v)|2 d) none

65) For the sequence of the sampled f(x0),f(x+x),f(x0+2x),….}displacements is
a) x b) 2x c) x/2 d) none

66) In the one variable discrete Fourier transforms u= ----------
a) 1/x b) 1/2x c) 1/ Nx d) none

67) In the two variable discrete Fourier transforms V= ---------

a) 1/x b)1/2x c)1/Ny d) none
68) The following given equation represents--------property of 2-D Fourier transform
a) Reparability b) Translation c) Convolution d) none

69) Fourier transform and its inverse are distribute over-------------
a) Addition b) Multiplication c) division d) none

70) The number of complex multiplication’s and addition’s required to implement in the
DFT is proportional to--------------
a) N log N b) N log2 N c) N2 d) none

71) In the FFT number of multiplications and additions operations proportional to---------
a) N log N b) N log2 N c) N2 d) none

72) The number of complex multiplications required to implement the FFT m(x)= -------
a) 1/2 Nn b) Nn c) 2Nn d) none

73) The number of complex additions required to implement the FFT a(n)= --------
a) 1/2 Nn b) Nn c) 2Nn d) none

H2 H2
74) The Hadamard matrix H2 -H2 is if-----------order.

a) 2 b) 4 c) 8 d) none


H4 H4
75) The Hadamard matrix H4 -H4 is if-----------order.

a) 2 b) 4 c) 8 d) none

N-1
76) The equation c(n)=(u)  f (x)cos[(2x+1)42] represents---------transform.
x=0
a) 1-D DCT b) z-D,DCT c) hadamard d) none

77)-----------------is a small 3 X 3 2D array.
a) mask b) structure c) set d) none

78) Foundation for frequency domain techniques is--------theorem.
a) Superability b) convolution c) spatial domain d) none

79) --------------of digital images or useful in displaying in medial images.
a) Negatives b) positives c) contrast stretch d) none

80) -------------Filters attenuate or eliminate high-frequency components.
a) low pass b) high pass c) spatial d) none

81) -------------Filters attenuate or eliminate high-frequency components.
a) Low pass b) high pass c) spatial d) none

82) -------------- filters are used for blurring and for noise reduction.
a) Smoothing filters b) sharpening filters
c) Low-pass filters d) median filters

83) -------------filter replaces gray level of each pixel by the median of the gray level in a
neighborhood of pixel.
a) smoothing filters b) sharpening filters
c) low-pass filters d) median filters

84) In the 2-Dideal low pass filter id D(u,v)<=D0 then H(u,v)= ---------------
a) 0 b) 1 c) Alpha d) none

85) In the 2-Dideal High pass filter id D(u,v)>D0 then H(u,v)= ---------------
a) 0 b) 1 c) Alpha d) none

86) Color image processing is divided into-----------major areas.
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

87) Which of the following is secondary color.
a) red b) gray c) yellow d) green

88) Combination of red and blue yields------------color.
a) Magenta b) cyan c) yellow d) green

89) ----------- color model is used in commercial color TV broad casting.
a) RGB b) CMY c) YIQ d) HIS

90) ----------- color model is used for image enhancement in full-color image processing.
a) RGB b) CMY c) YIQ d) HIS

91) ------------is a process that attempts to reconstruct or recover an image that has got
degraded.
a) Image enhancement b) image compression
c) Image restoration d) none

92) The property H[f1(x,y)+f2(x,y)]=H[f1(x,y)+f2(x,y)] is called.
a) Additively b) closure c) homogeneity d) none


93) De-gradation models are basically------------types.
a)2 b)3 c)4 d)5

94) in-------------method image that has been blurred by uniform linear motion.
A)Least mean source b)uniform linear motion
c)constrained least square d)none

95)--------------transformation defines the re-arrangement of pixels on the image place.
a)gray level interpolation b)spatial
c)frequency domain d)none

96) In the ------------transformation the assign the gray levels to pixels in the image.
a)gray level interpolation b)spatial
c)frequency domain d)none

97) Relative data redundancy RD can be defined as--------------
a)RD=1-1/CR b)RD=1-CR c)1-n1/n2 d)none

98) if n1=n2 then RD= -----------
a) 0 b)1 c)- d)none
99) if n2< a) 0 b) 1 c) - d) none

100) In the source encoding ----------operation reduce inter pixel redundancy.
a) Source decoder b) Source encoder
c) Channel encoder d) Mapper

101)-----------creates a fixed or variable length code to represents the quantizer output.
a) Mapper b) Symbol encoder c) Quantizer d) None


102) Arithmetic coding generates -------------codes.
a) Non-block b) block c) un block d) None


103) The matrix notation g=Hf represents degradation model for ---------------functions.
a) Continuous b) discrete c) random d) None

104) There are --------number of algebraic approaches restoration.
a) Three b) two c) four d) None

105. Quantization yield image information _________________
a) Loss b) enhancement c) Boosting d) Decompression


Two Marks Questions
1. Then gray level of any point in the printout can be controlled by the _________ and
_______ of the characteristic printed at that point.

a) Number, color b) Number, density
c) Number, Size c) None

2. Slides, Photographs are ______________ output and the images being viewed on the
monitor screen is ________________ output.

a) Softcopy, Hard Copy b) Hardcopy, softcopy
c) Soft copy, softcopy d) None

3. If no. of bits in the code is ‘8’ to indicate row and 10 to indicate column. 10 to indicate
gray level. Then how many bit are needed to store such an image.
a) 1210729 b) 1310720 c) 100000 d) 1410720

4.If energy per unit area is 3 joules / m2 Intensity is 1.5 webers
then what will be the shutter time
a) 1 sec b) 2 sec c 0.2 sec d) 1 msec

5. If F(u) = A e-j2ft then the power spectrum p(u) is ________________.
a) A2 b) 2A c) A/2 d) A

6. If 64 no. of multiplications are required in a discreet Fourier transform then how many
operations are required with FFT
a) 32 b) 24 c) 34 d) 44

7. If the bit plans slicing is used to represent eight gray levels. If the third plane value for
every pixel is ‘1’ then the minimum intensity of the image will be
a) 8 b) 4 c) 32 d) 64

8. The resultant range of x, y) = f(x, y) +  (x, y). Then to keep (x, 4) minimum. What
will be the process.
a) Subtraction b) Averaging c) Filtering d) Boosting

9. The standard deviation at any point in the average image with M samples is given by
a) g(x,y) = 1 / M (x, 4) b) g(x,4) = 1 / M  i (x, 4)

c) g(x,4) = i f (x, 4) / i (x, 4) d) 2i (x, 4) / M2


10. Smoothing filters are
a) Spiral masses b) Sparial Enhancements
c) Frequency Enhancements d) Frequency domain filters

11. 2-D images sinusoidal interference pattern superimposed on image is called
a) Random noise b) Deterministic noise
c) Periodic noise d) Coherent noise

12. If the compression ratio is 10 then redundancy is
a) 99 b) 9.9 c) 0.9 d) 9.0

13. A Good compression method involves
a) Only coding redundancy
b) Coding and Inter-pixel redundant
c) Coding, Inter-pixel, Psycho visual Redundancy
d) Inter – Pixel Redundancy

14. Psycho – visual redundancy is associated with
a) Quantitative visual Information
b) Reversible Transformation
c) Quantifiable visual information
d) Frequency domain information

15. If the intensity I = 15 units and the change in the intensity to re-cognize the difference
is 5 units. The Weber ratio is
a) 0.33 b) 3 c) 45 d) 20

16. If the illumination i (x, 4) = 6
Reflectance r (x, 4) = 0.3. Then the image gray level f(x, y)
a) 20 b) 60 c) 1.8 d) 18

17. Diagonal neighbors of a pixel P (x, 4) are
a) (x +1, 4), (x – 1, 4), (x, 4 + 1), (x, 4 – 1)
b) (x +1, 4 + 1), (x +1, 4 - 1), (x - 1, 4 + 1), (x - 1, y – 1)
c) (x -1, y - 1), (x+1 , 4 - 1), (x +2, y –2), (x - 2, 4 +1)
d) (x – xo, y – yo) (x + xo, y + yo)

18. Choose the write set of statement
The relation is
a) Reflexive if for each aA, aRa
Symmetric if for each a, b  A aRb  bRb.
Transitive if a, b  A then a + b RC  c A

b) Reflexive if for each aA, aRa
Symmetric if for each a, b  A aRb  bRa.
Transitive if a, b  A aRb and bRc  aRc

c) aRa  A

d) Rc  aRc

19. If the focal length of the lance is 0.5 meters and world homogeneous coordinates
Wn = (20, 30, 15, 5). Then find Camera homogenous co-ordinates
a) Cn = (20, 30, 15, 85) b) (20, 30, 15, 35)
c) (20, 30, 15, 70) d) (20, 30, 15, 60)

20. O0 from the fovea ___________ are max; at 20o from fovea __________ are
maximum.
a) Rods cones b) Cons Rods c) Cons, Cons d) Rods Rods





























Part –C
Four Marks Questions
1.By Warshall algorithm,
for j=3 for i = 1 to n; k=1 to n. set b(i, k) = _________

a) b (i ,k) + b(j, i) b) b(i ,k) + b(j, k)
c) b (i ,k) + b(i, j) d) b(i ,j) + b(j, k)

2. If the camera is place at z = 0; if the image point coordinates (x, y, 0) where
x0 = 20, y = 30 and the focal length is 40 units. Then the world coordinate
system points x, y are

a) 20, 30 b) 30, 30 c) 20, 20 d) 40, 30

3. if R = 1 0 0 0 Cos  Sin  0 0
0 cos  sin  0 ; Ro = -sin  cos  0 0
0 -Sin Cos  0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1




a) Cos  0 sin  0
-sin cos  cos cos cos  0
sin x cos cos  cos  sin  0
0 0 0 1





b) cos  sin  0 0
-sin  cos  cos cos sin  0
sin  cos  cos  cos  cos  0
0 0 0 1



c) sin  cos  cos  sin 
cos  sin  sin  cos  cos 
cos  sin  sin  cos  sin  cos 
0 0 0 1


d) None of the above


4. If f(u, v) =   f(x, y) e –j2(ux + uy) dx dy
- -

Then the Fourier spectrum in the limit x  x; y  y will be

a) F(u, v)  = sin (47) sin c(vy)

b) F(u, v)  = A x y sin c(ux) / sin c(vy)

c) F(u, v)  = A x y Sin c(ux) sin c(vy)

d) F(u, v)  = A x y Sin c(vy) / sin c(ux)



5. Consider pixel arrangement P5
P3 P4
P1 P2
P0


If P1 = P3 =0, P0 = 3, P3 = 5, P4 = 0, P5 = 5

Then m distance between pixels with P0 and P5 will be
a) 10 b) 3 c) 9 d) Zero
6. Choose the correct sequence of layers of a photographic film.
a) Super coat, emulsion, substrate, backing layer, film base
b) Super coat, substrate, emulsion. Film base, backing layer
c) Super coat, Emulsion, substrate, film base, Backing layer
d) Backing layer, Emulsion, super coat, film base, substrate

7. Let use consider a Fourier spectra of an image ranging from 0 to 2.5 x 106. It we use a
eight bit system, the scaling factor c = _______________.

a) 39.8 b) 42.3 c) 56.7 d) 60

8. The polar form of F.T pair is f(r, 0 + o)  f(w,  + o)
Then the Cartesian FT pair will be
a) f( r Cos , r Sin )  F(w Cos , w Sin )
b) f(r Cos ( + o), r Sin( + o)  F(w Cos(+o), w Sin( + o)
c) f(r Cos , r Sin( + o)  F(w Cos(+o), w Sin)
d) f(r Cos o, r Sino  F(w Cos(+o), w Sino)


9. SET A SET B
a) Super coat 1) It prevent Curling
b) Substrate 2) It is used for protection against scratches
c) Emulsion 3) It provides a adhesion of the emulsion to film case
d) Backing layer 4) It is a minute silver halide crystal

a) a – 1, b-2, c-3, d- 4 b) a – 2, b-3, c – 4, d – 1
b) a – 4, b – 3, c – 2, d – 1 d) None

10. SET A SET B
a) Reflexive 1) aRa
b) Symmetric 2) aRb implies bRa
c) Transitive 3) aRb and bRc implies aRc

a) a – 1, b-2, c-3 b) a – 2, b-3, c – 1
b) a – 1, b – 3, c – 2 d) None

11. Match the following sets
a) Cyan 1) Red Plus Green
b) Magenta 2) Green Plus Blue
c) Yellow 3) red plus Blue
d) Pink 4) Red plus white

a) a – 1, b-2, c-3, d- 4 b) a – 2, b-3, c – 4, d – 1
b) a – 4, b – 3, c – 2, d – 1 d) a – 3, b-2, c- 4, d-1

12. For the general compression system identify the name of the component in the figure
shown below. F(x, y)

fn (x, y)



a) a-Source decoder, b-channel Decoder, c-Source encoder, d-channel encoder
b) a-Source encode, b-channel encoder, c- channel decoder, d-source decoder
c) a-Channel encoder, b –source encoder, c-channel decoder, d-source decoder
d) None



13. SET A SET B
a) Huffman Coding 1) Which yields smallest possible numbers of code
symbols per source symbol
b) B-Code 2) It is a modification of Huffman Coding
c) Arithmetic Coding 3) It generates run block codes
d) Truncated Huffman Coding 4) In which each code word is made up continuous bits
and information bits.

a) a – 1, b-2, c-3, d- 4 b) a – 1, b-4, c – 4, d – 1
b) a – 4, b – 3, c – 2, d – 1 d) None


14. Match the following

SET A SET B
a) Fourier Spectrum 1) F(u, v) = [R2 (u, v) + i2 (u, v) 1/ 2
b) Phase 2)  (u, v) = tan-1 [ I(u, v) / R (u, v)]
c) Power Spectrum 3) P(u, v) = | F (u, v) | 2

a) a – 1, b – 2, c- 3 b) a – 3, b-2, c-1
c) a – 1, b – 3, c –2 d) None

15. Match the following

SET A SET B

a) This scale is arithmetic 1) DIN scale
b) This scale uses logarithmic 2) ASA Scale
c) It is equivalent to DIN18 3) ASA 50
d) It is equivalent to DIN21 4) ASA 100

a) a – 2, b-1, c-3, d- 4 b) a – 2, b-3, c – 4, d – 1
b) a – 4, b – 3, c – 2, d – 1 d) None


DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
ONE MARK TWO MARKS FOUR MARKS
1 D 51 B 101 B 1 B 1 B
2 A 52 C 102 A 2 B 2 A
3 A 53 B 103 B 3 B 3 B
4 A 54 C 104 B 4 C 4 C
5 B 55 A 105 A 5 A 5 A
6 B 56 B 6 B 6 D
7 A 57 A 7 B 7 A
8 A 58 A 8 B 8 B
9 A&C 59 B 9 A 9 B
10 C 60 B 10 * 10 A
11 D 61 C 11 D 11 B
12 B 62 A 12 C 12 B
13 C 63 A 13 A 13 B
14 C 64 B 14 C 14 A
15 A 65 A 15 A 15 A
16 B 66 C 16 C
17 D 67 C 17 B
18 C 68 * 18 B
19 A 69 A 19 B
20 B 70 C 20 B
21 A 71 A
22 B 72 A
23 A 73 B
24 B 74 B
25 B 75 C
26 C 76 A
27 A 77 A
28 C 78 B
29 A 79 A
30 B 80 A
31 C 81 B
32 A 82 A
33 D 83 D
34 A 84 B
35 B 85 A
36 C 86 B
37 B 87 C
38 C 88 A
39 A 89 A
40 C 90 C
41 D 91 A
42 A 92 A
43 A 93 A
44 B 94 B
45 B 95 B
46 A 96 A
47 * 97 A
48 B 98 A
49 A 99 B
50 A 100 B